Bali, the island of the gods, is renowned for its stunning natural beauty and rich cultural heritage. One of the most striking and captivating traditions is Mekare-kare, also known as the Pandan War. This tradition is an integral part of the lives of the people of Tenganan Pegringsingan, a Bali Aga village that still upholds ancient Balinese customs and traditions.
Explanation of Mekare-kare
Mekare-kare is an annual traditional ceremony held by the people of Tenganan Pegringsingan as part of the Ngusaba Sambah ceremony. This ceremony usually takes place in June and is a form of homage to the god Indra, the god of war in Balinese Hinduism.
The Pandan War involves two men fighting using thorny pandan leaves tied into a sword-like shape and using shields made of woven rattan. The fight is accompanied by Balinese gamelan music, creating a festive atmosphere and a sense of warrior spirit among the participants.
History and Philosophy of Mekare-kare
The tradition of Mekare-kare has its roots in the legends and beliefs of the Bali Aga people. According to the story, Tenganan Pegringsingan village was founded by the god Indra after defeating his enemies. To commemorate this victory, the villagers hold the pandan war ceremony as a form of tribute and offering to the god Indra.
The philosophy behind Mekare-kare is heroism and courage. This tradition is not merely about physical strength but also a platform to showcase bravery and fighting spirit. Additionally, Mekare-kare teaches values of sportsmanship and brotherhood, as participants respect each other and hold no grudges after the fight.
The Process and Stages of Mekare-kare
Mekare-kare is conducted in several stages involving all layers of the village community, from children to adults. Here are the stages in the Mekare-kare ceremony:
1. Preparation
Preparation for the ceremony starts a few days before the main event. The villagers prepare equipment such as thorny pandan leaves and rattan shields. They also clean and decorate the ceremony venue with traditional Balinese ornaments.
2. Opening Ceremony
Before the fight begins, an opening ceremony is held involving prayers and offerings to the god Indra. Participants and spectators gather at the venue to seek blessings and protection from the deities.
3. The Fight
After the opening ceremony, the Mekare-kare fight begins. Participants take turns fighting in front of the gathered spectators. Each fight lasts for a few minutes, with both participants striking with pandan leaves and blocking with rattan shields. Although it appears intense and dangerous, participants are not allowed to intentionally hurt their opponent.
4. Closing Ceremony
After all the fights are completed, a closing ceremony is held involving prayers and thanksgiving to the god Indra. The villagers then gather to celebrate the successful completion of the ceremony with communal meals and traditional entertainment.
Types of Fights in Mekare-kare
Although Mekare-kare generally involves a fight between two men, there are several variations in its execution. Here are some types of fights usually conducted:
1. Adult Fights
This fight involves adult men who are deemed strong and brave enough to participate in Mekare-kare. The adult fight often becomes the main attraction eagerly awaited by spectators.
2. Teenager Fights
Besides adult men, village teenagers also participate in Mekare-kare. Teenage fights are usually held to train their courage and fighting skills from an early age. These fights are often more relaxed and educational in nature.
3. Children's Fights
Village children are also introduced to the Mekare-kare tradition through special fights held for them. Children's fights focus more on play and introducing the tradition without significant violence.
Health and Social Benefits of Mekare-kare
Besides being a form of cultural preservation, Mekare-kare also has health and social benefits for the villagers. Here are some of these benefits:
1. Physical Health
The Mekare-kare fight involves quite intense physical activity. Participants need to have good physical endurance to fight with thorny pandan leaves. This activity helps improve muscle strength, stamina, and body agility.
2. Mental Health
Apart from physical benefits, Mekare-kare also provides mental benefits. This tradition teaches courage, discipline, and self-confidence to the participants. The fight also helps reduce stress and gives a sense of satisfaction after successfully fighting.
3. Social Bonding
Mekare-kare is a tradition involving the entire village community. This ceremony becomes a gathering event that strengthens social bonds among residents. The solidarity and cooperation established during the preparation and execution of the ceremony reinforce a sense of togetherness and unity.
Preservation and Development of Mekare-kare
Preserving the Mekare-kare tradition is a shared responsibility among the villagers, the government, and related parties. Here are some steps that can be taken to preserve and develop this tradition:
1. Education and Socialization
Education about the importance of cultural preservation needs to be instilled from an early age. Schools and educational institutions can teach the values of culture and the history of Mekare-kare to the younger generation.
2. Documentation and Promotion
Documenting the Mekare-kare ceremony in the form of writing, photos, and videos is crucial to maintaining its authenticity. Additionally, promotion through social media and tourism can help introduce this tradition to the broader public.
3. Involvement of the Younger Generation
Encouraging the younger generation to actively participate in the preparation and execution of Mekare-kare is essential in preserving this tradition. Involving them in various aspects of the ceremony will ensure the continuity of this tradition in the future.
Conclusion
Mekare-kare, or the Pandan War, is one of the unique and captivating traditions of Balinese culture that reflects the spirit of bravery, sportsmanship, and brotherhood. This ceremony not only enriches Bali's cultural heritage but also provides physical and mental health benefits to the village community. With proper preservation and development efforts, the Mekare-kare tradition can continue to be passed down to future generations as part of Bali's rich cultural identity.
References :
https://www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/kanwil-balinusra/baca-artikel/13697/Tujuh-Upacara-Adat-di-Pulau-Bali.html
https://aeropay.app/id/news/tradisi-mekare-kare
https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2022/12/03/tradisi-mekare-kare-perang-penghormatan-dewa-indra
https://denpasar.kompas.com/image/2022/06/12/224302078/tradisi-mekare-kare-atau-perang-pandan-definisi-properti-dan-pelaksanaan?page=2
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